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"At
The Throttle"
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Mark
Bassett is the Executive Director of the White Pine Historical Foundation,
operator of the Nevada Northern Railway Museum. He can be reached at the
museum (775) 289-2085 ext. 7 or e-mail: director@nnry.com
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The
Ore Line — Part II
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This is part two of the history of the Ore Line -- the industrial railway that played such a big part in Ely's mining and railroad history. This installment offers brief descriptions of the stations served by the line. It is taken from the Nevada Northern & Railroads of White Pine County Web site developed by Keith Albrandt, the premier web site on the Nevada Northern Railway. Keith has given his permission to reprint the story of the ore line that was told to him by Steve Swanson. Part one in this series on the Ore Line was published 25 Jan 2021 and can be viewed here.
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The
Ore Line -- Stations
By Steve Swanson as told to Keith Albrandt |
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Veteran
The underground Veteran mine was operated from 1908 until 1914. The Nevada Northern Railway transported ore during this period, and Veteran ore was the first ore concentrated at the McGill concentrator. On July 1, 2020 a miner’s strike began at Veteran and the mine was idle until Nov. 1911, a period of more than 2 years. At the close of 1913, total Veteran production had been 900,000 tons or ore, equivalent to 33-million pounds of recovered copper. Open pit stripping started in 1952 at the Veteran Pit (a joint pit of Kennecott and Coppemines claims), which was operated by Kennecott. Ore shipments were started in 1954. Ore cars were truck loaded and switched by gravity and with a large Hough Loader. In 1957, a 60 class GE 70-ton diesel started switching ore cars at Veteran. Ore cars were moved to the Copper Flat Yard by Kennecott's Copper Flat switch engine. Kimberly |
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Copper
Flat
Nevada Con's Ore Yard and the Liberty Pit entrance were at Copper Flat. After the 1939 completion of the Copper Flat shops and engine house, all of Nevada Con's rail operations originated at Copper Flat. These new facilities at Copper Flat replaced the Star Pointer shops uptown in Old Ruth. The Copper Flat yard was the center of a large wye. The ore trains could come up the Ruth Branch, which was the Ruth leg of the Copper Flat wye. The Ruth Leg of the wye was 1.3 miles long, terminating at the Ruth Depot. A passing track of equal length was owned by Nevada Con. Empty ore trains came up the Ruth leg of the wye, backed into the Copper Flat yard passing track, and dropped the caboose, then backed in through the Copper Flat main into the east ore yard (also called the "New Five" ore yard) and dropped the empties. This usually called for 2 or 3 moves, as an east ore yard track wouldn't hold a full train of 30 empty cars. The 90 Class 2-8-0 would hostle the 4-wheel caboose to the inclined caboose track just west of the Copper Flat Ore Yard. This caboose track was off the Kimberly leg of the Copper Flat wye. The Copper Flat Ore Yard was six 30-car tracks and a single engine ore train was 30 cars. The ore line engine would make up its train, complete the air test, turn up 100% retainers, and pull out of the Copper Flat Yard. The caboose would follow by gravity, coupling onto the moving downgrade ore train. Normally the Liberty pit only worked two shifts, days and swing, and if production wasn't at it's maximum, the pit was down Sundays. During steam on the ore line, there was always a helper engine on 3rd shift, graveyard shift. Joe Lani said they would double head about 42 empties to Copper Flat, the helper would return to East Ely light and fuel and take water, and then help an ore train to McGill, probably about 40 cars. |
To get to the copper, tons and tons of rock needed to be moved to the smelter at McGill. During the heyday of the copper mining, dinky locomotives hauled the ore cars from the bottom of the pit. Then the ore cars were made up into trains for the trip to McGill. It was all down hill to East Ely, the train crews needed to be on their toes to avoid a runaway. Then, from East Ely to McGill, it was all uphill. Arthur Rothstein photograph, March 1940 (Library of Congress) |
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Keystone
Keystone consisted of three tracks. The center track was a main, the west track a passing track that had two or three large wooden loading tipples, and the east-passing track. Loaded ore trains stopped here, turned down the retainers, inspected the train and hooked up air to the caboose. A 1921 timetable indicated a wye at Keystone, but additional documentation is lacking. Lane After
ore loading from the Kimbley Pit, commenced (circa 1953) Kennecott expanded
the Lane City Yard to accommodate empties and loads. During the last years
of Kennecott's operation in the 1970's, all the ore loading was done at
Lane. |
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East
Ely Ore Yard
Ore trains generally terminated at East Ely. This yard was very large and could accommodate a number of ore trains. Trains were inspected by car whackers, brakes changed, air hoses fixed or replaced and bad order cars set out. This could be done while locomotive and train crews changed or while engines took coal and water in the East Ely Yard. The caboose was generally left on the train while in the East Ely Ore Yard. In 1962, operating rules were changed so the ore trains were inspected while moving slowly through the East Ely Ore Yard. Joe Lani, veteran ore line engineer who began with Kennecott's Ore Haulage Department in 1942, described the helper operation. A helper engine was added on the graveyard shift and empty trains were increased from 30 to 40-44 cars. The helper would return light from Copper Flat, take coal and water, and help a loaded 42-car train to McGill. The helper would return light from McGill to East Ely and start over. |
The locomotives worked hard on the Nevada Northern, hauling loads up to McGill and then empties back to the mines. Copyright © 2001 Keith Albrandt |
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Hiline
The 1917 ICC Valuation refers to "Hiline Junction" while timetables as early as 1920 refer to the station as simply "Hiline." The ore line departed the main line that headed north to Shafter and Cobre at Hiline, and from Hiline to the concentrator (Mill) was the Mill Branch. The ore line made a gentle climb on the Hiline past the Lavon siding and the wye at Adverse to the mill and smelter complex on the east side of McGill. The Hiline was designed to gain elevation on a gradual grade to the gravity feed concentrator at McGill so the heavy ore trains could climb this grade without having to add additional power. Ore trains sometimes met the local or a passenger train at Hiline. When ore trains met on the Mill Branch, it would likely have been at Cannon.
McGill
Concentrator and Smelter Constant increases in the capacity of the Mill were made even before its construction began. When planned at the Georgetown Ranch site, the original 1500-ton per day (tons per day) capacity was successively enlarged to 2500, 4000, and 5000 tons per day. When the site at McGill had finally been settled upon, the capacity increased from 4000 -5000 to 8000-10,000 tons per day during its construction. It was later raised to 12,000 and eventually to 14,000 in 1917. At about 6:00 p.m. on 09 July 2020 the nine-acre concentrator was destroyed by fire within a period of 1½ hours, with the exception of the crushing department that had shortly before been constructed as a detached unit. Reconstruction began immediately, and the rebuilt mill began with the same capacity as before the disaster. It was increased to 15,000 tons per day in 1926 and to 18,000 tons per day in 1930. The new plant was highly efficient; between 1924 and 1930 it had an average recovery >90% of the copper contained in the ore, whereas in the preceding six years that value was 77%. Other improvements included installation of a Wellman Engineering forty-foot rotary car dumper that began operation on 09 July 2020 and handled thirty ore cars per hour. In the 1930's, electric catenary was installed to serve a portion of the tracks at the mill. A new GE 75-ton electric locomotive (No. 80) was put into service at the smelter on 27 September 1937. Further mill expansions occurred over the years and by 1957 the capacity was 26,000 tons per day. With some 30,000 tons put through regularly at this time (shipment for a 24-hour period was over 400 cars in 1957), there was considerable complaining about the copper going out with the tailings.
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Call Us 1-866-40STEAM or 1-866-407-8326 Copyright © 2003 Nevada Northern
Railway - Ely, Nevada |
